What are the pedagogical characteristics of elementary emergency e-learning? Crosschecking learning activities' analysis with perspectives of teachers, students and parents

This research examined the pedagogical characteristics of emergency online learning in elementary schools. The study adds to the educational technology literature, exploring the opportunities and challenges for students by triangulating analysis of learning activities with perspectives of teachers, students, and parents. Thematic analysis of the interviews with 22 teachers, 21 students, and 10 parents revealed 913 statements grouped into categories and subcategories. Furthermore, 93 learning activities were analyzed based on the recent e-CSAMR framework that combines the SAMR and collaboration models. Participants reported development of student independence, responsibility, and learning autonomy, while adversely mentioned feelings of disconnection and lack of social communication. However, analysis of learning activities reflected mostly basic rather than advanced techno-pedagogical levels of the original SAMR model and revealed that they did not sufficiently incorporate collaborative activities or design of learning artifacts. Theoretical implications supported the e-CSAMR framework and identified optimal components for emergency learning within the framework. The results highlight the need to integrate collaborative learning into distance online learning and suggest that appropriate support and training can transform challenges into pedagogical opportunities. © The Author(s).

A partnership approach to supporting the health and wellbeing of the Charedi (Orthodox Jewish) community in London

BACKGROUND: There is a need for a specific programme of engagement around COVID-19 vaccination with the Charedi Orthodox Jewish community in Stamford Hill, London, UK. We co-produced a live event for women on COVID-19 safety and vaccination and wider health topics to support vaccine uptake and improve awareness of health and wellbeing issues. METHODS: For this qualitative analysis, we organised an event that was designed and delivered by a local community organisation in partnership with regional and local health partners and community groups. The event was for Charedi women aged 16 years and older, and provided information on COVID-19, childhood immunisations, oral health and dental hygiene, childhood respiratory infections, and mental health. The event included health stalls, a panel session, co-designed culturally competent physical information, and the opportunity to speak with health professionals. We evaluated the event using attendees' feedback forms, collected in person at the end of the event, and a thematic analysis of semi-structured interviews with organisers from community and statutory organisations. The evaluation was informed by a co-produced logic model and outcomes framework. FINDINGS: More than 100 women attended the event on March 28, 2022. Feedback suggested the focus on wider health issues was valued, and a greater number of more targeted events (eg on health for women older than 40) would be beneficial. Dental health, COVID-19 vaccination, and childhood immunisations were identified as the most important topics by participants. 16 (55%) of 29 respondents stated they would attend a similar event again, 12 (41%) stated they were unsure, and one (3%) said they would not attend again. Informal feedback from the community highlighted that the event was useful and acted as a basis for further engagement and collaboration with the community. INTERPRETATION: Our findings emphasised the need to work in partnership with a lead community organisation to identify and address principal health challenges within communities, to share community-specific insights, and to promote community events through community communication channels. Statutory institutions should engage with local community organisations to support and facilitate public health interventions to increase relevant vaccine uptake and to improve awareness around wider health and wellbeing issues and services. FUNDING: None.

Inter-Rater Reliability of a Novel Objective Outcome Measure for the Study of Benign Central Airway Stenosis: Segmentation-Based Volume Rendering of Ct Scans

SESSION TITLE: Technological Innovations in Imaging SESSION TYPE: Original Investigations PRESENTED ON: 10/17/22 1:30 PM - 2:30 PM PURPOSE: Central airway stenosis (CAS) is an important cause of pulmonary morbidity and mortality. Current grading and classification systems include subjective qualitative components, with limited data on reproducibility. We propose a novel radiographic segmentation approach to more objectively quantify CAS. Inter-rater reliability of this novel outcome, which is used in an ongoing randomized controlled trial (NCT04996173), has not been previously assessed. METHOD(S): Computed tomography (CT) scans demonstrating tracheal stenoses were identified in the Vanderbilt University Medical Center Benign Tracheal Stenosis registry. CTs were analyzed in OsiriX (Geneva, Switzerland) after upload via a secured cloud transfer service. Four independent readers with variable experience in CT interpretation were chosen (one chest radiologist, one pulmonary fellow, two internal medicine residents). Readers identified the point of nadir airway lumen, measured 1.5 cm above and below that point, then manually segmented visible tracheal lumen area on the soft tissue window of each axial CT slice within that 3 cm length. Missing ROI's were then generated in-between manual segmented areas. The Repulsor function was used to manually adjust the boundaries of the ROI to achieve fit. Intraclass correlation (ICC) was used to calculate the inter-rater reliability of the tracheal lumen volume of between readers. Other data collection variables included the type of CT scan, axial slice interval, the suspected underlying cause of CAS, and average stenotic volume. RESULT(S): Fifty CT scans from 38 individual patients identified in the registry from 2011-2021 were randomly chosen for inclusion. Most (22 of 38, 57.9%) had iatrogenic BCAS (either post-intubation or post-tracheostomy) and 10 (26.3%) had idiopathic subglottic stenosis. Half of the scans (n=25, 50%) were contrasted neck CT and half were non contrasted chest CTs. Scan slice thickness ranged 1 to 5 mm, median 2 mm (1.25-2.875). The median stenotic volume across all readers was 3.375 cm3 (2.52-4.51). The average ICC across all four readers was 0.969 (95% CI 0.944 - 0.982). CONCLUSION(S): Our proposed volume rendering and segmentation approach to BCAS proves to have substantial precision and agreement amongst readers of different skill levels. CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS: A NOVEL METHOD TO ASSESS SEVERITY OF BENIGN CENTRAL AIRWAY STENOSIS DISCLOSURES: No relevant relationships by Leah Brown No relevant relationships by Alexander Gelbard no disclosure on file for Robert Lentz;PI ofan investigator-initiated study relationship with Medtronic Please note: >$100000 by Fabien Maldonado, value=Grant/Research Support PI on investigator-initiated relationship with Erbe Please note: $5001 - $20000 by Fabien Maldonado, value=Grant/Research Support Consulting relationship with Medtronic Please note: $5001 - $20000 by Fabien Maldonado, value=Honoraria co-I industry-sponsored trial relationship with Lung Therapeutics Please note: $5001 - $20000 by Fabien Maldonado, value=Grant/Research Support Board of director member relationship with AABIP Please note: $1-$1000 by Fabien Maldonado, value=Travel No relevant relationships by Khushbu Patel No relevant relationships by Ankush Ratwani Consultant relationship with Medtronic/Covidien Please note: $1001 - $5000 by Otis Rickman, value=Consulting fee No relevant relationships by Evan Schwartz Copyright © 2022 American College of Chest Physicians

COVID-19 hospital vaccination centre: patient and nurse satisfaction

Background and importanceThe COVID-19 pandemic has challenged all countries in a race against infection and the emergence of variants. Vaccination campaigns were the answer to this public health crisis.In our university hospital, a multidisciplinary team was mobilised for the opening of two vaccination centres (VCs): for health professionals and for patients with high risk of severe COVID-19 illness according to national health authority guidelines.Aim and objectivesThe aims of our study were to collect patient and nurse satisfaction regarding these VCs and to identify adverse events (AEs) related to vial manipulation.Material and methodsThis prospective study was conducted from April to May 2021. Two satisfaction questionnaires for patients and nurses were created, each containing 13 questions subdivided into four items. Patient items were: organisation of vaccination, care, service and quality of care. Nurse items were: VC organisation, handling of vials and syringes and interprofessionalism. Responses were rated from ‘poor’ to ‘very good’.ResultsOver 1 month, 51 patient questionnaires and 4 nurse questionnaires were collected.Regarding patient satisfaction, 82% of respondents expressed ‘very good’ satisfaction with their medical care. VC location and the convenience of the vaccination boxes received 61% and 65% of ‘very good’ ratings. Some patients mentioned low confidentiality measures.The nurses’ general satisfaction was 100% ‘very good’, as well as the cooperation with the pharmacy department. As for the information technology (IT) service, 50% answered ‘rather bad’. The impact of the media on their activity was perceived as ‘bad’ for half of them and ‘average’ for the other half.Nurses reported four AEs: broken vial, leakage during dilution, mishandling by some vaccinators, and defective vial.Conclusion and relevancePatients were generally satisfied with the care received and the nurses reported a positive general satisfaction of their experience at the VC. The IT poor appreciation can be explained by network difficulties affecting data collection and certificate edition. The presence of a referring vaccination pharmacist at the VC was associated with positive feedback, which testifies to the the efficiency of the pharmacist–nurse relationship. The AEs reported allowed the good manipulation pamphlets to be updated. For the continuation of COVID-19 vaccination campaigns with booster shots, these data will allow improvement of the installation of future VC.References and/or acknowledgementsConflict of interestNo conflict of interest

The coronavirus pandemic in Israel: A comparison between holocaust survivors and other older adults

IntroductionThe COVID-19 pandemic places older adults at increased risk for hospitalization and mortality. It also involves social isolation and negative effects of limited mental, social and physical activity. Holocaust survivors could be especially vulnerable to such effects due to their early life traumas. Previous research suggests that in times of life crises, Holocaust survivors may be both most vulnerable (i.e., wear-and-tear hypothesis);yet they may also demonstrate resilience.ObjectivesThus, the current study examines the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on the mental health and well-being of Holocaust survivors in Israel, compared to adults who did not experience the Holocaust.MethodsWe collected data from 305 older adults aged 75 and above in Israel during the COVID-19 pandemic. Of these, 114 were Holocaust survivors and 191 did not experience the Holocaust. Participants were asked about their worries of COVID-19 infections, will to live, loneliness and depression and how these changed during the COVID-19 pandemic.ResultsHolocaust survivors were worried to a greater extent from COVID-19 infection and from close others becoming infected, compared to older adults who did not experience the Holocaust. Moreover, survivors reported greater loneliness and depression overall and also reported that these measures became worse during the pandemic. On the other hand, despite these differences, the two groups were similar in their will to live.ConclusionsHolocaust survivors seem to be more vulnerable to the COVID-19 pandemic, strengthening the vulnerability hypothesis. Policy makers and practitioners should pay special attention to this particularly vulnerable population during these difficult times.DisclosureNo significant relationships.

From hydroxychloroquine to ivermectin: what are the anti-viral properties of anti-parasitic drugs to combat SARS-CoV-2?

BACKGROUND: Nearly a year into the COVID-19 pandemic, we still lack effective anti-SARS-CoV-2 drugs with substantial impact on mortality rates except for dexamethasone. As the search for effective antiviral agents continues, we aimed to review data on the potential of repurposing antiparasitic drugs against viruses in general, with an emphasis on coronaviruses. METHODS: We performed a review by screening in vitro and in vivo studies that assessed the antiviral activity of several antiparasitic agents: chloroquine, hydroxychloroquine (HCQ), mefloquine, artemisinins, ivermectin, nitazoxanide (NTZ), niclosamide, atovaquone and albendazole. RESULTS: For HCQ and chloroquine we found ample in vitro evidence of antiviral activity. Cohort studies that assessed the use of HCQ for COVID-19 reported conflicting results, but randomized controlled trials (RCTs) demonstrated no effect on mortality rates and no substantial clinical benefits of HCQ used either for prevention or treatment of COVID-19. We found two clinical studies of artemisinins and two studies of NTZ for treatment of viruses other than COVID-19, all of which showed mixed results. Ivermectin was evaluated in one RCT and few observational studies, demonstrating conflicting results. As the level of evidence of these data is low, the efficacy of ivermectin against COVID-19 remains to be proven. For chloroquine, HCQ, mefloquine, artemisinins, ivermectin, NTZ and niclosamide, we found in vitro studies showing some effects against a wide array of viruses. We found no relevant studies for atovaquone and albendazole. CONCLUSIONS: As the search for an effective drug active against SARS-CoV-2 continues, we argue that pre-clinical research of possible antiviral effects of compounds that could have antiviral activity should be conducted. Clinical studies should be conducted when sufficient in vitro evidence exists, and drugs should be introduced into widespread clinical use only after being rigorously tested in RCTs. Such a search may prove beneficial in this pandemic or in outbreaks yet to come.